14 16 32 19.48 six.59 20 16 13 18 31 26 9 19 7.53 Ir 11 17 15 14 16 11 10 7 13 17 11 six ten ten 13 13 14 17 11 22 18 11 14 14 14 13.16 3.56 53 38 31 29 38 31 60 40 11.97 Gr eight 7 9 ten 6 eight 9 six 9 6 10 5 9 11 15 ten 14 15 12 19 15 9 12 6 15 ten.2 3.63 143 57 68 48 93 39 82 75.71 35.Insects 2021, 12, 12, x FOR PEER Review Insects 2021,1213 18 19 of ofFigure 3. Comparisons of thethe numbers genes identified as (a) (a) odorant binding proteins (OBPs) and odorant receptors Figure 3. Comparisons of numbers of of genes identified as odorant binding proteins (OBPs) and odorant receptors (Ors) and (b)(b) chemosensory proteins (CSPs), ionotropic receptors (Irs), and gustatory receptors (Grs). The numbers of of (Ors) and as as chemosensory proteins (CSPs), ionotropic receptors (Irs), and gustatory receptors (Grs). The numbers genes in OBP and CSP families in fig wasps have been comparable to in other insects, although the numbers of genes genes in Or, genes in OBP and CSP families in fig wasps have been equivalent to thosethose in other insects, while the numbers of in Or, Ir, and Ir, Gr and Gr gene families have been significantly decrease in fig wasps. gene families were substantially decrease in fig wasps.three.6. Quickly Evolving Genes (REGs) 3.six. Rapidly Evolving Genes (REGs) In Within the household Agaonidae, we detected 857 rapidly evolving genes (REGs) (Table 2; the household Agaonidae, we detected 857 quickly evolving genes (REGs) (Table two; Figure S1b). Of those REGs, 484 and 4545 have been enriched in GO and KEGG, respectively; Figure S1b). Of those REGs, 484 and had been enriched in GO and KEGG, respectively; their gene functions had been associated mainly to to signal transduction, immune response, and their gene functions had been related LPAR3 Synonyms primarily signal transduction, immune response, and antibacterial systems (Table two; Supplementary Components, Excels S5 and S6). For thethe Eu/Pl, antibacterial systems (Table two; Supplementary Materials, Excels S5 and S6). For Eu/Pl, Ceratosolen, Valisia, and Blastophaga genus clade, we detected greater numbers REGs, from Ceratosolen, Valisia, and Blastophaga genus clade, we detected higher numbers REGs, from 2073 to to 2572 (2262.eight 222.five), than the numbers of of positively chosen genes, which ranged 2073 2572 (2262.8 222.five), than the numbers positively chosen genes, which ranged from 1010 to 85 (62.eight 35.4).Low numbers of REGs had been enriched in GO inside the JNK1 Storage & Stability clades of from to 85 (62.eight 35.4). Low numbers of REGs have been enriched in GO in the clades of Valisia (17), Eu/PL (14), Blastophaga (1), and Ceratosolen (4) (Supplementary Components, Valisia (17), Eu/PL (14), Blastophaga (1), and Ceratosolen (4) (Supplementary Components, Excel S5) although nono REGs had been enriched in KEGG. There were 13 REGs enriched in GO Excel S5) even though REGs have been enriched in KEGG. There had been 13 REGs enriched in GO that have been shared involving Valisia and Eu/Pl, and these primarily connected to mitochondrial that were shared between Valisia and Eu/Pl, and these mainly related to mitochondrial function. The REGs enriched in in GO in Blastophaga had been connected to the vesicle-tethering function. The REGs enriched GO in Blastophaga were related for the vesicle-tethering complicated, while four with the Ceratosolen REGs encoded antibacterial peptides (Supplementary complex, whilst four from the Ceratosolen REGs encoded antibacterial peptides (SuppleMaterials, Excel S5). mentary Components, Excel S5). The numbers of REGs were lowest (804162) among the five related V. javana species The numbers of REGs had been lowest (804162) amongst the 5 rela