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Estinal smooth muscle improvement applying a novel sm22alpha-b promoter. Dev. Dyn. 239, 2806812 (2010). 51. Pietsch, J. et al. lessen encodes a zebrafish trap100 necessary for enteric nervous program improvement. Development 133, 39506 (2006). 52. Westerfield, M. The zebrafish book: a guide for the laboratory use of zebrafish (Danio rerio) (Westerfield, M. [Eugene, OR] 1995). 53. Li, L., Jin, H., Xu, J., Shi, Y. Wen, Z. Irf8 regulates macrophage versus neutrophil fate through zebrafish primitive myelopoiesis. Blood 117, 1359369 (2011). 54. Wallace, K. N. Pack, M. Exclusive and conserved aspects of gut development in zebrafish. Dev. Biol. 255, 129 (2003). 55. Li, L., Yan, B., Shi, Y. Q., Zhang, W. Q. Wen, Z. L. Live imaging reveals differing roles of macrophages and neutrophils in the course of zebrafish tail fin regeneration. J. Biol. Chem. 287, 253535360 (2012).AcknowledgmentsWe thank Dr. Z. Wen, Dr. J. Xiong, Dr. B. Yan and Miss T. Wang for fish lines, morpholinos, plasmids and discussions. This work was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (31271568 and 31301198), the special fund of Chongqing essential laboratory (CSTC); the Par-Eu Scholars Program (SWU112015) and the Fundamental Study Funds for the Central Universities.Author contributionsY.S. and L.L. developed the experiments. Y.S., Y.Z. and F.Z. performed most experiments, L.L. wrote the manuscript, L.L., H.H. and H.R. discussed the results and commented around the manuscript.SCIENTIFIC REPORTS | 4 : 5602 | DOI: ten.1038/srepnature.com/scientificreportsAdditional informationSupplementary data accompanies this paper at nature.com/ scientificreports Competing monetary interests: The CCR2 web Authors declare no competing financial interests. Tips on how to cite this short article: Shi, Y. et al. Acetylcholine serves as a derepressor in Loperamide-induced Opioid-Induced Bowel Dysfunction (OIBD) in zebrafish. Sci. Rep. 4, 5602; DOI:ten.1038/srep05602 (2014).This operate is licensed below a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercialNoDerivs 4.0 International License. The photos or other third celebration material within this article are integrated in the Amebae review article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is just not integrated below the Creative Commons license, customers will ought to obtain permission from the license holder so that you can reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/SCIENTIFIC REPORTS | 4 : 5602 | DOI: 10.1038/srep
British Journal of Nutrition (2014), 112, 1819825 doi:10.1017/S0007114514001998 q The Authors 2014. This can be an Open Access short article, distributed under the terms from the Creative Commons Attribution licence ( creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original operate is properly cited.Lactose inhibits regulatory T-cell-mediated suppression of effector T-cell interferon-g and IL-17 productionMonika Paasela1, Kaija-Leena Kolho2, Outi Vaarala1 and Jarno Honkanen1*Immune Response Unit, Division of Vaccination and Immune Protection, National Institute for Overall health and Welfare, Haartmaninkatu 8, FI-00290 Helsinki, Finland 2 Children’s Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland(Submitted 19 December 2013 Final revision received 29 May perhaps 2014 Accepted 13 June 2014 Very first published on the net 21 October 2014)British Journal of NutritionAbstract Our interest in lactose as an immunomodulatory molecule benefits from research sho.