Rrelation in between macrophage cholesterol efflux and HDL phospholipid in human sera is stronger than with any other measured lipoprotein parameter, which includes HDL cholesterol, APOA1 and triglycerides48. CETP expression, nonetheless, seems to impact HDL function without the need of modulating phospholipid levels suggesting that a number of elements of HDL can influence particle function. LXRs likely regulate a number of pathways that modulate HDL activity and future research employing detailed lipidomic and proteomic approaches is usually utilised to further define the LXR-dependent modifications in HDL composition that regulate HDL particle function. These studies that define particle function could open the door to new therapeutic approaches for targeting HDL.NIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author ManuscriptSupplementary MaterialRefer to Internet version on PubMed Central for supplementary material.AcknowledgmentsThe authors would prefer to thank Dr. Norbert Leitinger and Dr. Irena Ignatova (U. of Virginia) for comments on the manuscript and Dr.s Yuan Zhang, Steven Kliewer and David Mangelsdorf (UT Southwestern) for supplying the LXR liver knockout mice. SOURCES OF FUNDING Operate in the author’s laboratory is supported by Grants to I.G.S. from the NIH (1R01HL096864-01A1) and also the AHA (13GRNT1650022).Nonstandard Abbreviations and AcronymsABCA1 ABCG1 ABCG5 ABCG8 APOA1 CETP CVD FPLC HDL LDL LXR RCT ATB binding cassette transporter A1 ATB binding cassette transporter G1 ATB binding cassette transporter G5 ATB binding cassette transporter G8 apolipoprotein A1 cholesteryl ester transfer protein cardiovascular disease quickly liquid protein chromatography high density lipoprotein low density lipoprotein liver X receptor reverse cholesterol transportArterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. Author manuscript; readily available in PMC 2015 August 01.Breevoort et al.Page
Bradley et al. BMC Geriatrics 2014, 14:72 biomedcentral/1471-2318/14/RESEARCH ARTICLEOpen AccessPotentially inappropriate prescribing amongst older men and women in the United KingdomMarie C Bradley5, Nicola Motterlini2^, Shivani Padmanabhan4, Caitriona Cahir3, Tim Williams4, Tom Fahey2 and Carmel M HughesAbstractBackground: Potentially inappropriate prescribing (PIP) in older individuals is connected with increases in morbidity, hospitalisation and mortality. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of and elements related with PIP, amongst these aged 70 years, in the United kingdom, applying a extensive set of prescribing COX-3 Inhibitor custom synthesis indicators and comparing these to estimates obtained from a truncated set on the very same indicators. Solutions: A retrospective cross-sectional study was carried out within the UK Clinical Practice Investigation Datalink (CPRD), in 2007. Participants integrated these aged 70 years, in CPRD. Fifty-two PIP indicators from the Screening Tool of Older Persons Potentially Inappropriate Prescriptions (STOPP) criteria have been applied to data on prescribed drugs and clinical diagnoses. General prevalence of PIP and prevalence based on person STOPP criteria had been estimated. The connection among PIP and polypharmacy (four drugs), comorbidity, age, and gender was examined. A truncated, subset of 28 STOPP criteria that have been made use of in two prior research, have been additional applied for the data to facilitate comparison. Outcomes: Applying 52 indicators, the all round prevalence of PIP within the study population (n = 1,019,491) was 29 . One of the most common examples of PIP were therapeutic duplication (11.9 ), followed by use of CCR2 Antagonist site aspirin.