R whorls of up to three monophialides. Sporodochial conidiogenousCROUSET AL.FUSARIUMREDELIMITEDFig. 14. Maximum-Likelihood (IQ-TREE-ML) consensus tree inferred in the combined acl1, CaM, ITS, LSU, rpb1, rpb2, and tef1 sequence alignment of members on the genus Neocosmospora. Numbers in the branches indicate assistance values (RAxML-BS / UFboot2-BS / I-PP) above 70 / 0.95 with thickened branches indicating complete assistance (RAxML-BS / UFboot2-BS = 100 ; BI-PP = 1). Novel taxa are indicated in bold. The scale bar indicates expected alterations per web site. The tree is rooted to Geejayessia atrofusca NRRL 22316 and G. cicatricum CBS 125552. Ex-epitype, ex-neotype, ex-paratype and ex-type strains are indicated with ET, NT, PT, and T, respectively.www.studiesinmycology.orgCROUSET AL.cells monophialidic, subulate to subcylindrical, smooth- and thinwalled, (8.511.56(7.five) (1.52.five.five m. Sporodochial macroconidia moderately curved to wedge-shaped, slender, tapering towards the basal element, apical cell of equal size than the adjacent cell, blunt to slightly hooked; basal cell poorly to well-developed, foot-shaped, (12()-septate, hyaline, thin- and smooth-walled: 1-septate conidia: (16.five 19.52.five(6) two.five.five m (av. 26.1 two.9 m); 2-septate conidia: (19.5256(7.five) two.five.5 m (av. 30.five three.1 m); 3-septate conidia: (20.528.56(0) (2.5 three.5(.5) m (av. 32.five 3.two m); 4-septate conidia: (27 30.59(0.5) 3 m (av. 35.four three.six m); general: (19.five 28.66.five(0.5) (two.53.5(.5) m (av. 32.4 3.2 m). Chlamydospores not observed. Culture qualities: Colonies on PDA reaching 313 mm diam at 25 after 7 d. Surface white, pale luteus to sulphur yellow, flat, woolly to cottony with radial Angiotensin Receptor Antagonist site patches of white aerial mycelium, margin normal and filiform. Reverse white, sulphur yellow to pure yellow at centre. On OA pale luteus to sulphur yellow, flat, membranous at first, speedily becoming velvety to dusty, margin typical. Reverse sulphur yellow.Additional material examined: South Africa, unidentified tree species, 2010, A. Lubben, culture CBS 146496 = CPC 30814 = CAMS 000730.Notes: Yilmaz et al. (2021) recently revised the FFSC, which includes formal descriptions for several species, although fixing the typification of relevant plant pathogenic and toxigenic species. Species in this complex have already been traditionally organised as outlined by their biogeographic patterns, which roughly match their phylogenetic distribution. Aside from the monophyletic American and Asian clades, the complicated includes a non-monophyletic African clade, which can be at present identified to cluster into two distinct clades: the speciose core African clade and also the African “B” clade encompassing F. dlaminii and F. fredkrugeri (O’Donnell et al. 2000b, Herron et al. 2015, Sandoval-Denis et al. 2018b, Yilmaz et al. 2021). The novel South African species F. echinatum, even so, formed a fully-supported single lineage that didn’t belong to any of your at the moment identified biogeographically defined clades (Fig. 11). One of the most noticeable morphological feature that distinguishes F. echinatum would be the presence of well-developed polyphialides bearing several conidiogenous openings that are generally concentrated in substantial numbers and that trigger a deformation with the apical area. Somewhat similar, conspicuous polyphialides may be identified in Fusarium chlamydosporum and F. concolor (syn. F. polyphialidicum); having said that, these species are certainly not directly connected, in that they belong to two distinct species P2Y Receptor Antagonist drug complexes, the F. chlamydosporum and F. concolor species complexes, respectiv.