It truly is estimated that greater than one million adults within the UK are at the moment living with all the long-term consequences of brain injuries (Headway, 2014b). Rates of ABI have enhanced considerably in current years, with estimated increases over ten years ranging from 33 per cent (Headway, 2014b) to 95 per cent (HSCIC, 2012). This increase is due to a number of variables like improved emergency response following injury (Powell, 2004); more cyclists interacting with heavier visitors flow; improved participation in unsafe sports; and larger numbers of extremely old people today in the population. Based on Good (2014), probably the most popular causes of ABI in the UK are falls (22 ?43 per cent), assaults (30 ?50 per cent) and road traffic accidents (circa 25 per cent), though the latter category accounts for a disproportionate quantity of additional extreme brain injuries; other causes of ABI contain sports injuries and domestic violence. Brain injury is additional prevalent amongst men than women and shows peaks at ages fifteen to thirty and over eighty (Good, 2014). International data show related patterns. By way of example, in the USA, the Centre for Illness Handle estimates that ABI purchase BCX-1777 affects 1.7 million Americans every single year; children aged from birth to four, older teenagers and adults aged over sixty-five possess the highest rates of ABI, with males far more susceptible than women across all age ranges (CDC, undated, Traumatic Brain Injury within the United states of america: Fact Sheet, obtainable online at www.cdc.gov/ traumaticbraininjury/get_the_facts.html, accessed December 2014). There’s also rising awareness and concern within the USA about ABI amongst military personnel (see, e.g. Okie, 2005), with ABI prices reported to exceed onefifth of combatants (Okie, 2005; Terrio et al., 2009). Whilst this article will focus on current UK policy and practice, the concerns which it highlights are relevant to many national contexts.Acquired Brain Injury, Social Function and PersonalisationIf the causes of ABI are wide-ranging and unevenly distributed across age and gender, the impacts of ABI are similarly diverse. Many people make an excellent recovery from their brain injury, while other folks are left with significant ongoing issues. Moreover, as Headway (2014b) cautions, the `initial diagnosis of severity of injury is just not a reliable indicator of long-term problems’. The prospective impacts of ABI are effectively described each in (non-social work) academic literature (e.g. Fleminger and Ponsford, 2005) and in personal accounts (e.g. Crimmins, 2001; Perry, 1986). On the other hand, provided the restricted attention to ABI in social work literature, it is worth 10508619.2011.638589 listing some of the typical after-effects: physical troubles, cognitive difficulties, impairment of executive functioning, changes to a person’s behaviour and adjustments to emotional regulation and `personality’. For many people with ABI, there will probably be no physical indicators of impairment, but some may experience a range of physical issues including `loss of co-ordination, muscle rigidity, paralysis, epilepsy, difficulty in speaking, loss of sight, smell or taste, fatigue, and MedChemExpress TLK199 sexual problems’ (Headway, 2014b), with fatigue and headaches becoming especially typical after cognitive activity. ABI could also trigger cognitive difficulties including troubles with journal.pone.0169185 memory and reduced speed of info processing by the brain. These physical and cognitive elements of ABI, while challenging for the person concerned, are somewhat straightforward for social workers and other folks to conceptuali.It’s estimated that more than 1 million adults inside the UK are presently living with the long-term consequences of brain injuries (Headway, 2014b). Rates of ABI have elevated significantly in recent years, with estimated increases more than ten years ranging from 33 per cent (Headway, 2014b) to 95 per cent (HSCIC, 2012). This improve is as a consequence of a range of variables such as enhanced emergency response following injury (Powell, 2004); far more cyclists interacting with heavier visitors flow; improved participation in risky sports; and bigger numbers of quite old individuals in the population. In accordance with Good (2014), probably the most frequent causes of ABI in the UK are falls (22 ?43 per cent), assaults (30 ?50 per cent) and road site visitors accidents (circa 25 per cent), though the latter category accounts for a disproportionate variety of far more serious brain injuries; other causes of ABI contain sports injuries and domestic violence. Brain injury is additional prevalent amongst men than females and shows peaks at ages fifteen to thirty and over eighty (Nice, 2014). International data show comparable patterns. For instance, within the USA, the Centre for Disease Control estimates that ABI affects 1.7 million Americans every year; kids aged from birth to 4, older teenagers and adults aged over sixty-five possess the highest prices of ABI, with men much more susceptible than girls across all age ranges (CDC, undated, Traumatic Brain Injury within the Usa: Truth Sheet, readily available on line at www.cdc.gov/ traumaticbraininjury/get_the_facts.html, accessed December 2014). There’s also growing awareness and concern within the USA about ABI amongst military personnel (see, e.g. Okie, 2005), with ABI rates reported to exceed onefifth of combatants (Okie, 2005; Terrio et al., 2009). Whilst this article will concentrate on existing UK policy and practice, the difficulties which it highlights are relevant to a lot of national contexts.Acquired Brain Injury, Social Work and PersonalisationIf the causes of ABI are wide-ranging and unevenly distributed across age and gender, the impacts of ABI are similarly diverse. Many people make a great recovery from their brain injury, while other individuals are left with considerable ongoing difficulties. In addition, as Headway (2014b) cautions, the `initial diagnosis of severity of injury is just not a trusted indicator of long-term problems’. The potential impacts of ABI are effectively described each in (non-social perform) academic literature (e.g. Fleminger and Ponsford, 2005) and in individual accounts (e.g. Crimmins, 2001; Perry, 1986). Having said that, given the limited consideration to ABI in social function literature, it can be worth 10508619.2011.638589 listing a few of the widespread after-effects: physical difficulties, cognitive issues, impairment of executive functioning, alterations to a person’s behaviour and adjustments to emotional regulation and `personality’. For many people today with ABI, there will likely be no physical indicators of impairment, but some may perhaps encounter a range of physical difficulties such as `loss of co-ordination, muscle rigidity, paralysis, epilepsy, difficulty in speaking, loss of sight, smell or taste, fatigue, and sexual problems’ (Headway, 2014b), with fatigue and headaches becoming specifically frequent after cognitive activity. ABI might also lead to cognitive issues like issues with journal.pone.0169185 memory and lowered speed of info processing by the brain. These physical and cognitive aspects of ABI, while challenging for the person concerned, are relatively easy for social workers and others to conceptuali.